Hindi is one of the world's most commonly spoken languages after Chinese and Arabic. Recently, new logMAR-based charts in Tamil and Gujarati have been developed and validated. While the use of the ETDRS chart could meet such requirements, logMAR-based vision charts in native Indian languages would be preferred. Given such obvious eye care needs in India, visual assessment using logMAR vision charts is important for both clinical and research needs. India has one of the highest recorded rates of visual impairment in the world. The development of such charts is important to provide better methods of assessment of vision in both clinical and research settings but particularly in regions where the prevalence of visual impairment is high. Recently, a modified ETDRS (m-ETDRS) chart has also been developed for use with pan-European patients. Although the use of the Snellen chart format is widespread, the limitations in Snellen acuity charts are widely recognized and the use of logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR)-based vision charts, with the same number of letters in each row, and equal logarithmic acuity steps between rows are now accepted as the norm when accurate assessment of vision is required for both adults and children.Ī variety of letter charts based on the original logMAR chart format have been designed in a number of different languages including Arabic, Chinese, Indian, Thai, a tumbling E version for use with illiterates, and a version for use with native Australian populations. The measurement of visual acuity is fundamental to any eye examination and is used to help determine the integrity of the visual system and to monitor the status of ocular disease. Future use of the new Hindi chart should incorporate an increase in optotype size of 0.13 logMAR.

The Hindi logMAR visual acuity chart provides a valid and repeatable tool for the measurement of visual acuity in native Hindi language speakers. This study reports the first standardized visual acuity chart developed in Hindi incorporating equal letter legibility and logMAR chart design features. The Hindi logMAR chart also proved to be highly repeatable ( r 2 = 0.99 mean difference 0.005, 95% CI = ☐.04 logMAR). The Hindi logMAR chart correlated highly with the m-ETDRS logMAR chart ( r 2 = 0.92) however, the mean visual acuity difference (Hindi logMAR-m-ETDRS logMAR) was nearly one and half lines (0.13 logMAR, 95% confidence interval = ☐.15 logMAR). Repeat visual acuity was measured on a subsequent day with a second version of the Hindi logMAR chart. The method of presentation was randomized between the charts. Visual acuity was measured with the new Hindi logMAR chart and a modified ETDRS (m-ETDRS) logMAR chart. Participants who were literate in English and Hindi participated in the study. The chart calibration study was carried out in a large clinical setup in India.

Methods:Ī new Hindi visual acuity chart was designed to logMAR specifications using Hindi optotypes experimentally selected to have similar relative legibility under equivalent spherical and cylindrical defocus. The purpose of this study to develop and calibrate a new Hindi logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) visual acuity chart.

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